{"id":1711,"date":"2024-11-12T10:43:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T08:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/bez-kategoriyi\/ten-ways-to-reduce-the-cost-of-gcve\/"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:17:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T12:17:17","slug":"ten-ways-to-reduce-the-cost-of-gcve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/en\/novyny-en\/ten-ways-to-reduce-the-cost-of-gcve\/","title":{"rendered":"Ten ways to reduce the cost of Google Cloud Compute Engine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Maciej Strzelczyk, Developer Programs Engineer, Google Cloud Platform<br \/>\nSource: <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/compute\/compute-engine-spend-optimization-part-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">cloud.google.com\/blog\/&#8230;<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/compute\/compute-engine-spend-optimization-part-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">cloud.google.com\/blog\/&#8230;<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h2>A Penny Saved Is a Penny Earned!<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Google Cloud Compute Engine<\/strong> offers various ways to reduce costs, from optimizing your infrastructure to leveraging discounts. This post outlines 10 practical <a href=\"https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/en\/services\/google-cloud\/\">Google Cloud<\/a> cost optimization tips to help you save money on Google Compute Engine. Whether you are a small business just starting with the cloud or a large enterprise looking to optimize expenses, this guide has something for everyone.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>1. Review Your Current Cost Structure<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Before looking for ways to optimize your Google Compute Engine budget, it helps to have a map\u2014a clear understanding of your current situation and cost structure\u2014so you can make informed decisions on what to do next. The <a href=\"https:\/\/console.cloud.google.com\/billing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Billing Dashboard<\/a> in the Google Cloud Console is your map. It tells you exactly where your money is going, with every penny tracked down to individual SKU (<em>Stock Keeping Unit<\/em>) entities. You can use it to see your organization\u2019s overall financial picture and analyze costs for specific product usage within a project.<\/p>\n<p>A closer look at your expenses may help you identify resources you no longer need but are still paying for. After all, the best way to save money is simply not to spend it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>2. Consider Automatic Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Have you noticed light bulbs next to some of your machines on your virtual machine list page? These are automatic Google Cloud cost optimization recommendations that you can review to save money. These helpful tips come from the <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/recommender\/docs\/quickstart-recommendation-hub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Recommendation Hub<\/a>, a tool designed to help you manage your project in categories such as cost, security, performance, reliability, manageability, and sustainability. The recommendation system has insights into your resource structure and can suggest actions for you to consider. The goal here is to help you reduce costs without compromising performance.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/gweb-cloudblog-publish\/images\/1.save_money_details.max-900x900.png\" alt=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/gweb-cloudblog-publish\/images\/1.save_money_details.max-900x900.png\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/gweb-cloudblog-publish\/images\/1.save_money_details.max-900x900.png\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>The system may suggest actions like changing a machine type (e.g., from n1 to e2), downsizing a machine based on its usage, and more. Once you click on a recommendation, you\u2019ll see a summary of the suggested change along with an estimated cost savings calculation. You can choose whether to apply the changes. Remember that computation changes require restarting the instance.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/gweb-cloudblog-publish\/images\/2.recommendation_details.max-900x900.png\" alt=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/gweb-cloudblog-publish\/images\/2.recommendation_details.max-900x900.png\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/gweb-cloudblog-publish\/images\/2.recommendation_details.max-900x900.png\" \/><\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>3. Check Your Disk Types<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Every virtual machine in your fleet must have at least one persistent disk attached. Disks in Google Cloud come in different types, offering varying performance and features. Available types include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/disks\/hyperdisks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Hyperdisk<\/a>. Designed for the most demanding mission-critical applications, Hyperdisk offers scalable, high-performance storage with a comprehensive set of data storage and management features.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/disks\/storage-pools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Hyperdisk Storage Pools<\/a>\u2014pre-allocated storage capacity, bandwidth, and IOPS you can allocate to applications as needed.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/disks\/performance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Persistent Disk<\/a>\u2014the default storage solution for virtual machines, available in zonal or regional variants. Comes in four options:\n<ol>\n<li>Standard \u2013 equivalent to an HDD, providing the lowest-cost storage at the expense of lower I\/O speed.<\/li>\n<li>SSD \u2013 a high-speed solution offering high I\/O performance at a higher cost per GB.<\/li>\n<li>Balanced \u2013 the middle ground between Standard and SSD; the default option for new compute instances.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/disks\/extreme-persistent-disk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Extreme<\/a> \u2013 for the most demanding workloads, allowing you to control both disk size and IOPS (I\/O operations per second).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/disks\/local-ssd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Local SSD<\/a>\u2014a physically attached SSD that provides ultra-fast speeds but is not persistent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let\u2019s focus on the Persistent Disk family, as it is the most commonly used storage solution. When creating a new virtual machine, the default disk type is <strong>Balanced<\/strong>, which provides a good mix of performance and cost. While suitable for many use cases, it may not be the best option for every application. For instance, stateless applications that are part of auto-scaling deployments and store all relevant data in an external cache or database do not require high disk I\/O. These applications are great candidates for switching to <strong>Standard<\/strong> disk, which can be up to three times cheaper per GB than a Balanced disk (depending on the region).<\/p>\n<p>You can list the disks used in your project with the command:<br \/>\n<code>gcloud compute disks list --format=\"table(name, type, zone, sizeGb, users)\"<\/code><\/p>\n<p>To change the disk type, you will need to <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/disks\/create-disk-from-source#clone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">clone it<\/a> and update the virtual machines using it to start utilizing the new disk.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>4. Free Up Space on Your Disks<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Continuing with storage, the disk type is not the only factor affecting costs. Disk usage can also play a significant role in your budget. If your project has a persistent 100GB disk, you are paying for 100GB, regardless of whether you are using 20%, 70%, or 100% of that space. Even if your application does not use persistent disks for storing data, you should still pay close attention to your boot disks. Consider whether your stateless application truly needs a disk with several gigabytes of free space, then think about resizing these disks according to actual usage. People like round numbers, and they often create 20GB disks when they only need 12GB. Be more like a machine\u2014save money.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>5. Commit to Using Committed Use Discounts (CUD)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>This advice applies to many products beyond Google Compute Engine. If you know you will be using a certain number of virtual machines for at least a year (or three years), you can secure a solid discount! By leveraging <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/committed-use-discounts-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">various CUDs<\/a>, you can purchase significantly lower prices on vCPUs, memory, GPUs, local SSDs, sole-tenant nodes, and software licenses. With <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/committed-use-discounts-overview#spend_based\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Flex CUD<\/a>, you don\u2019t even have to restrict vCPU and memory usage to a single project, region, or machine series.<\/p>\n<p>Many Google Cloud products offer committed use discounts. If you are satisfied with Google Cloud and do not plan to leave soon, strongly consider using CUDs wherever possible to achieve significant savings. For compute resources, you can purchase CUDs directly from the <a href=\"https:\/\/console.cloud.google.com\/compute\/commitments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Google Cloud Console<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>6. Get Rid of External IP Addresses<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>By default, Compute instances created via <code>gcloud<\/code> or the Google Cloud Console have an ephemeral external IP address. Sometimes, this is exactly what you need to set up a quick prototype or host a single VM instance for a specific service using <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamic_DNS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">dynamic DNS<\/a>. However, if you are using virtual machines with a load balancer, ask yourself whether they still need an external IP address. After all, clients interact with your services through the public IP of the load balancer. On the other hand, having internet access can be highly useful, such as communicating with third-party services. By default, a virtual machine without an external IP cannot connect to the internet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-container-3 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-column\">Fortunately, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/nat\/docs\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cloud NAT<\/a> solves this issue with a <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/nat\/docs\/overview#public-nat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Public NAT<\/a> configuration. Cloud NAT does the same thing that many internet service providers do for their customers: it provides <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Network_address_translation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">network address translation<\/a>, hiding multiple machines behind a single external IP address. From the outside, all requests appear to come from one IP address, while in reality, they are sent by multiple different machines. A side note: <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/nat\/docs\/gke-example\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this also works for GKE<\/a>.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1682 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kubernetes-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kubernetes-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kubernetes-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kubernetes-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kubernetes.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/en\/novyny\/shho-take-kubernetes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is Kubernetes?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>If your fleet consists of only a couple of virtual machines, you may not notice a huge difference in your monthly bill by turning off external IP addresses. However, the savings grow linearly with the size of your fleet. Additionally, there are two more advantages to using Cloud NAT: you improve security (your virtual machines are not exposed to the internet), and you do not consume IP address quotas in your project.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>7. Automate Machine Start and Stop<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cron<\/a> (a Unix task scheduling utility) is the foundation of many automated batch processing systems. It allows you to schedule actions on a regular pattern without manually initiating them. Virtual machines configured with cron wait for the right time to start a resource-intensive task. For a few hours, the machine is very busy, but once the job is complete, the VM just sits idle, waiting for the cron job to trigger again. In other words, for a few hours, the VM generates value for your company, and the rest of the day, it generates costs. Wouldn\u2019t it be great if you could eliminate some of the overhead costs? Turns out, you can\u2014sort of.<\/p>\n<p>A virtual machine incurs costs when it consumes resources such as vCPU, memory, disks, accelerators (GPU and TPU), or external IP addresses. When powered on, it uses all these resources, but when powered off, the only cost category it generates is related to storage (assuming you are not using a static external IP). Naturally, an unused computer is turned off (to save power and protect the planet). Unfortunately, a powered-off machine cannot run cron jobs unless\u2026 you use a cron-like system to start the machine instead!<\/p>\n<p>What do I mean? It turns out you can <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/schedule-instance-start-stop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">create a cron-like schedule<\/a> in your project to start your machine. Then, you only need to set up a cron-based process for <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/startup-scripts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">automatic startup<\/a> when the machine boots, and <em>then\u2026!<\/em> You get the same functionality (nightly data collection and processing) without spending money to keep the virtual machine running when you don\u2019t need it. Once your nightly process is complete, the machine can shut down from within and remain in that state until it is needed again.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>8. Consider Using Spot VMs<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/spot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Spot VMs<\/a> are a type of preemptible instance that can save you significant costs (they are <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/spot#pricing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">90% cheaper<\/a> than standard virtual machines). Unlike regular virtual machines that run continuously, Spot VMs use idle resources in Google Cloud and may be terminated if Google needs them back. This means that if Google needs to reclaim resources, your Spot VM will be stopped with a 30-second warning.<\/p>\n<p>But don\u2019t let that scare you! Spot VMs are perfect for batch processing, stateless workloads, and other tasks that can tolerate interruptions. And since they are significantly cheaper than standard virtual machines, you can save a lot on cloud computing costs.<\/p>\n<p>One of the best benefits of Spot VMs is that you can use them just like regular VMs. You can create them with the same tools and APIs, and they can run the same operating systems and applications. The only difference is that you pay less for them (and they can be turned off with a short warning). Switching your <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/spot#spot-with-instance-groups\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">stateless managed instance group<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/kubernetes-engine\/docs\/concepts\/spot-vms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) instances<\/a> to Spot VMs is almost seamless since these two systems simply recreate the instances allocated to you.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>9. Compare Regions to Find the Best Deal<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Hosting your software on Google Cloud has many advantages, one of which is the freedom to choose the physical location of the machines running your services. Your location choice may be influenced by factors such as compliance with local laws, feature availability, and proximity to your user base (and service latency).<\/p>\n<p>Another factor is pricing. By checking the <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/all-pricing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Compute pricing page<\/a>, you can easily compare how much the products you use cost in different regions. In some cases, when latency or data sovereignty is not a key concern, choosing a more cost-effective region makes sense, especially when regions with different pricing are close to each other. To help you pick the ideal regions, we also have the <a href=\"https:\/\/googlecloudplatform.github.io\/region-picker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Google Cloud Region Picker tool<\/a> to balance all these variables.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3><strong>10. Implement Automatic Time Limits<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>If you tend to forget about your virtual machines, there&#8217;s a <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/docs\/instances\/limit-vm-runtime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">new feature<\/a> that can help you save money: the ability to set a runtime limit after which your virtual machines will shut down or be deleted.<\/p>\n<p>Currently in preview, this feature can be useful in various scenarios. Imagine:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>You have a long-running operation.<\/strong> If it runs for a certain number of hours, you can configure the VM to stop automatically after that time, avoiding unnecessary costs and allowing you to return and debug rather than leaving it running indefinitely.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Your team needs to run experiments.<\/strong> You can set up temporary VMs that automatically stop after a specific time, ensuring that no one has to remember to shut them down manually.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Peak usage periods.<\/strong> If you need extra compute power for a limited time (e.g., during Christmas), you can create VMs that will automatically be deleted on a set date, freeing up resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The more you think about it, the more use cases you&#8217;ll find for this feature. You may not always need it, but it\u2019s worth keeping in mind when setting up your daily infrastructure operations.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>We covered a lot of ground and explored many strategies within Google Cloud cost optimization. From fine-tuning disk size, leveraging committed use discounts, and exploring Cloud NAT to scheduling instances and using Spot VMs\u2014there&#8217;s no shortage of ways to save.<\/p>\n<p>Remember, keeping track of your cloud expenses is like managing personal finances: every penny counts! So take the time to explore these strategies and make the most of your cloud investment.<\/p>\n<p>May your projects be successful and your cloud bills manageable. Happy optimizing!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/googlecloud.wiseit.com.ua\/en\/\">Wise IT<\/a> \u2014 Google Cloud Partner of the Year in the Services CEE category! If you&#8217;re interested in migrating to Google Cloud or optimizing your existing infrastructure, contact our experts for prompt and competent support:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Google Cloud Compute Engine\u00a0offers a variety of ways to reduce costs, from optimizing your infrastructure to taking advantage of discounts. 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